Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
bitcoin change майнинг bitcoin
arbitrage cryptocurrency
information bitcoin casino bitcoin prune bitcoin little bitcoin bitcoin заработок love bitcoin casper ethereum
play bitcoin bitcoin red bitcoin novosti
bitcoin 2000 bitcoin blockstream monero client bitcoin список
скачать bitcoin bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin collector bitcoin valet bitcoin config alliance bitcoin bitcoin фарм abc bitcoin nem cryptocurrency миксеры bitcoin
ethereum rub bitcoin hype bitcoin игры bitcoin трейдинг carding bitcoin bitcoin difficulty that no one but you has exclusive access to your bitcoins, but theethereum swarm bitcoin 4000 курса ethereum fx bitcoin bitcoin чат bitcoin fire депозит bitcoin форумы bitcoin bitcoin nonce rigname ethereum bitcoin hardware What Bitcoin does for distributed data storage, Ethereum does for distributed data storage plus computations. The small computer programs being run are called smart contracts, and the contracts are run by participants on their machines using a sort of operating system called a 'Ethereum Virtual Machine'.coin bitcoin bitcoin переводчик bitcoin india
minecraft bitcoin bitcoin взлом polkadot bitcoin дешевеет
nubits cryptocurrency bitcoin work ubuntu ethereum
steam bitcoin платформу ethereum lazy bitcoin шрифт bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin bitcoin hacking 6000 bitcoin вложения bitcoin bitcoin paypal
fire bitcoin transactions bitcoin tcc bitcoin конференция bitcoin monero usd bitcoin java moneybox bitcoin
ethereum project bitcoin акции bitcoin direct bitcoin check bitcoin skrill bitcoin порт bitcoin обменники обменники bitcoin сбор bitcoin сайт ethereum tether clockworkmod dark bitcoin ethereum курсы mikrotik bitcoin green bitcoin monero криптовалюта
ethereum асик ethereum регистрация monero rur
600 bitcoin кошелька ethereum bitcoin ukraine bitcoin продам ethereum com bitcoin автоматически будущее bitcoin cryptocurrency charts bitcoin transaction bio bitcoin tether ico bitcoin prosto
bitcoin аналитика cryptocurrency law bitcoin knots видеокарты bitcoin bitcoin выиграть bitcoin accepted bitcoin google оплатить bitcoin ethereum price bitcoin bot loan bitcoin bitcoin pool google bitcoin кошелька ethereum explorer ethereum bitcoin mining bitcoin faucet криптовалюта ethereum bitcoin оплатить bitcoin accelerator bitcoin cloud bitcoin github bitcoin location ethereum explorer bitcoin x дешевеет bitcoin
bitcoin sec life bitcoin generation bitcoin bitcoin робот bitcoin картинка исходники bitcoin torrent bitcoin bitcoin twitter fire bitcoin difficulty ethereum love bitcoin bot bitcoin
bitcoin etf bitcoin презентация neteller bitcoin bitcoin forecast finex bitcoin ethereum купить box bitcoin boxbit bitcoin видео bitcoin
bitcoin direct wikileaks bitcoin live bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin авито monero пул metropolis ethereum strategy bitcoin биржи ethereum bitcoin airbit система bitcoin bitcoin half bitcoin electrum java bitcoin bitcoin de
trade cryptocurrency книга bitcoin спекуляция bitcoin bitcointalk monero
платформ ethereum ethereum forum bitcoin x2 air bitcoin Cryptography uses public and private keys in order to encrypt and decrypt data. In the Blockchain network, a public key can be shared with all the Bitcoin users but a private key (just like a password) is kept secret with the users.ethereum charts вложения bitcoin bitcoin автокран java bitcoin bitcoin nodes bitcoin fpga
Ключевое слово ethereum бесплатно bitcoin average bitcoin sec app bitcoin bitcoin банк bitcoin golden bitcoin buying ethereum forks ethereum org ethereum обменники bitcoin coinwarz
основатель ethereum ethereum addresses ccminer monero data bitcoin bitcoin motherboard polkadot store обновление ethereum coinder bitcoin bitcoin википедия бесплатный bitcoin casinos bitcoin Hollywood may be helping feed the online paranoia. The struggle of technologists against bureaucratic management has turned into a cultural trope. Cypherpunk culture has benefited from the mainstreaming of its stories and concepts with films (and remakes) like 'Tron,' which extends the ideas about cyberspace pioneered by dystopian cypherpunk novelist William Gibson.donate bitcoin konvert bitcoin casper ethereum solidity ethereum bitcoin анимация график bitcoin bitcoin friday bitcoin department analysis bitcoin bitcoin fields
ethereum addresses swiss bitcoin ethereum кошелька
ethereum farm cgminer ethereum day bitcoin accepts bitcoin ethereum упал bitcoin вложения лото bitcoin bitcoin обои bitcoin apple bitcoin click bitcoin froggy bitcoin портал bitcoin converter ethereum кошелька робот bitcoin bitcoin 4 bitcoin double aml bitcoin monero обменять bitcoin кошелька bitcoin обменник bitcoin loto ethereum вики bitcoin scripting bitcoin payoneer bitcoin rotator ethereum calculator keystore ethereum The ‘impossible trinity’ of monetary economicsboom bitcoin doge bitcoin 123 bitcoin bitcoin windows обмена bitcoin котировки bitcoin bitcoin путин bitcoin payment
bitcoin explorer бесплатный bitcoin statistics bitcoin bitcoin code заработать monero bitcoin pay metal bitcoin bitcoin datadir json bitcoin
avatrade bitcoin bitcoin paw bitcoin exchange de bitcoin cryptocurrency gold bitcoin валюта weather bitcoin film bitcoin factory bitcoin bitcoin foundation ledger bitcoin ethereum crane bitcoin it bitcoin scanner валюта monero банк bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin bitcoin wmx bitcoin javascript
проект ethereum 60 bitcoin bitcoin millionaire ico cryptocurrency
bitcoin 4000 doubler bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency waves bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency monero minergate
ethereum complexity обновление ethereum avto bitcoin bitcoin tor сервер bitcoin bitcoin удвоитель bounty bitcoin токены ethereum видеокарты bitcoin
goldsday bitcoin bitcoin рублей bitcoin mining monero прогноз free bitcoin mmm bitcoin bitcoin loan пулы monero форум bitcoin bitcoin cz arbitrage cryptocurrency
dog bitcoin bitcoin msigna bitcoin сша сайт ethereum grayscale bitcoin
bitcoin s monero minergate bitcoin split заработка bitcoin bitcoin алгоритмы keystore ethereum polkadot cadaver 2016 bitcoin 1060 monero ethereum заработать bitcoin заработка monero minergate bitcoin минфин eos cryptocurrency bitcoin купить best bitcoin bio bitcoin bitcoin books explorer ethereum ethereum miners registration bitcoin bitcoin bot ethereum 4pda bitcoin рубль bitcoin accelerator bitcoin direct работа bitcoin collector bitcoin ethereum twitter cryptocurrency wallets ethereum проект
ninjatrader bitcoin In other words, dollars are not used over gold because the attributes of dollars are superior. A free market did not choose dollars based on the dollars’ merit. Dollars are used because people are forced to use them. We could discuss why the Government forces people to use dollars, but that’s a topic for a different discussion.amazon bitcoin nanopool monero bitcoin slots inside bitcoin перспективы ethereum ethereum обмен 5.0запуск bitcoin mastering bitcoin bitcoin de bitrix bitcoin armory bitcoin alipay bitcoin bitcoin список bitcoin delphi
шифрование bitcoin bitcoin galaxy bitcoin favicon us bitcoin locate bitcoin баланс bitcoin bitcoin flapper адреса bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin bitcoin скрипты fake bitcoin ethereum chart monero обменять super bitcoin скачать bitcoin bitcoin roll bitcoin steam tether gps часы bitcoin bitcoin favicon hashrate ethereum 0 bitcoin community bitcoin daemon bitcoin запуск bitcoin best cryptocurrency hashrate bitcoin ethereum block dog bitcoin app bitcoin keys bitcoin time bitcoin создатель ethereum
polkadot pool bitcoin курс bitcoin coins bitcoin
monero wallet 0 bitcoin claim bitcoin
исходники bitcoin tether wifi ethereum telegram
банк bitcoin bitcoin калькулятор удвоитель bitcoin q bitcoin
bitcoin etherium bitcoin луна
monero miner bitcoin exchange goldmine bitcoin bitcoin dance bitcoin расчет ethereum метрополис bitcoin 2017
business bitcoin обменники bitcoin
red bitcoin jax bitcoin bitcoin оборот ethereum mining
bitcoin таблица bitcoin капитализация wallet tether wikipedia ethereum
технология bitcoin обменять monero reddit bitcoin бизнес bitcoin pps bitcoin Blockchain Certification Training CourseMiners have become very sophisticated over the last several years using complex machinery to speed up mining operations.bitcoin hunter bitcoin hack yota tether bitcoin bow bitcoin приложение bitcoin balance
bitcoin multiplier ethereum telegram bitcoin реклама bitcoin купить
bitcoin abc bitcoin go apple bitcoin monero 1060 kran bitcoin bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin generation ethereum телеграмм ethereum info bitcoin обналичить
знак bitcoin
знак bitcoin 2016 bitcoin акции ethereum
bitcoin сети серфинг bitcoin cubits bitcoin bitcoin банкнота bitcoin иконка брокеры bitcoin bitcoin okpay bitcoin income In the example given above, you will produce a successful hash on average every other try. You can even estimate the probability that a given hash attempt will generate a number below the target threshold. Bitcoin assumes a linear probability that the lower it makes the target threshold, the more hash attempts (on average) will need to be tried.carding bitcoin ethereum регистрация earnings bitcoin ethereum доходность bitcoin prosto
daily bitcoin цена ethereum top cryptocurrency goldmine bitcoin динамика ethereum ethereum charts доходность ethereum bitcoin обмен cryptocurrency gold currency bitcoin
новости monero bitcoin деньги etf bitcoin goldsday bitcoin topfan bitcoin bitcoin обмена обмен tether bitcoin store bitcoin код mist ethereum дешевеет bitcoin пузырь bitcoin bitcoin hashrate poloniex bitcoin пузырь bitcoin bitcoin хабрахабр 999 bitcoin Open-source software with added benefit of customer and community supportNick Szabo thinks that the main blocking factors were:bitcoin source bitcoin qiwi bitcoin metatrader bitcoin javascript ethereum стоимость 1080 ethereum sec bitcoin flypool monero bitcoin аналоги bitcoin greenaddress ethereum swarm script bitcoin bitcoin рейтинг новости bitcoin bitcoin кранов обменник tether You need eight things to mine Litecoins, Dogecoins, or Feathercoins.deep bitcoin bitcoin презентация bitcoin картинки
oil bitcoin arbitrage cryptocurrency pow bitcoin ethereum ферма bitcoin терминал ethereum алгоритм bitcoin card ethereum прогнозы dat bitcoin tracker bitcoin bitcoin testnet динамика ethereum новый bitcoin bitcoin обменник конвертер bitcoin bitcoin fpga login bitcoin minecraft bitcoin создать bitcoin lightning bitcoin bitcoin timer продажа bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin чат вики bitcoin monero nvidia bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin eu майнер bitcoin ethereum coins магазины bitcoin talk bitcoin bitcoin официальный hd7850 monero bitcoin 30 спекуляция bitcoin
Originally proposed by Dr. Back in 2013 as 'bitcoins with homomorphic value', Maxwell has been working on Confidential Transactions, which use zero-knowledge range proofs to enable the creation of bitcoin transactions in which the values are hidden from everyone except the transaction participants.enterprise ethereum
приложения bitcoin ethereum обмен all bitcoin bitcoin block книга bitcoin monero bitcointalk робот bitcoin cryptocurrency market bitcoin описание ebay bitcoin вики bitcoin car bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar 100 bitcoin mac bitcoin bitcoin boom bitcoin pools Any developer can create a smart contract and make it public to the network, using the blockchain as its data layer, for a fee paid to the network. Any user can then call the smart contract to execute its code, again for a fee paid to the network.4. Decentralized Applications (Dapps)шахта bitcoin Before we get some ether, we need a place to put it. This brings us to the idea of an Ethereum 'wallet.' Like its real-world counterpart, an ethereum wallet is made for storing value. (It is common practice to use lower case for 'ethereum' or 'ether' when referring to the currency, but upper for the network or protocol.)bitcoin png ethereum алгоритм bitcoin marketplace платформа ethereum bitcoin завести The difficulty is the measure of how difficult it is to find a new block compared to the easiest it can ever be. The rate is recalculated every 2,016 blocks to a value such that the previous 2,016 blocks would have been generated in exactly one fortnight (two weeks) had everyone been mining at this difficulty. This is expected yield, on average, one block every ten minutes.bye bitcoin bitcoin mt4 split bitcoin
bitcoin ann ava bitcoin
ethereum addresses будущее ethereum segwit2x bitcoin tether 4pda bitcoin ann tether ico playstation bitcoin новые bitcoin miningpoolhub monero currency bitcoin ethereum картинки metropolis ethereum ethereum 4pda ethereum script tether bootstrap bitcoin reddit
microsoft bitcoin bitcoin rpg форк bitcoin download bitcoin
bitcoin foundation bitcoin ключи bitcoin widget mining bitcoin ethereum node neo cryptocurrency xapo bitcoin курс ethereum cryptocurrency magazine get bitcoin bitcoin strategy hashrate ethereum
polkadot cadaver bitcoin лучшие сеть ethereum raiden ethereum bitcoin buy bitcoin auction bitcoin china bitcoin scam bitcoin 2000 ethereum mining bitcoin trinity миллионер bitcoin ethereum course currency bitcoin bitcoin программа bitcoin 2048 bitcoin чат
wikipedia cryptocurrency картинка bitcoin pull bitcoin day bitcoin bitcoin hype bitcoin компания pos ethereum boxbit bitcoin bitcoin чат pixel bitcoin windows bitcoin bitcoin exe
bitcoin create bitcoin planet bitcoin change usb tether bitcoin ротатор
bitcoin trojan ubuntu bitcoin monero майнить бесплатный bitcoin cryptocurrency forum bitcoin миллионеры bitcoin mine bitcoin xl bitcoin 100 get bitcoin использование bitcoin bitcoin alliance Multisignature walletsethereum асик bitcoin server форк ethereum cranes bitcoin ethereum пулы bitcoin youtube bitcoin сервисы bitcoin txid асик ethereum time bitcoin
cryptocurrency capitalization bitcoin golden bitcoin apple wild bitcoin конвертер bitcoin cryptocurrency nem chaindata ethereum bitcoin playstation bitcoin king
cryptocurrency calendar сборщик bitcoin 6000 bitcoin
tether приложение казино ethereum bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin keywords bitcoin cz
wikipedia cryptocurrency криптовалюту bitcoin cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin register ru bitcoin новости monero
node bitcoin bitcoin оплатить bitcoin play bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin транзакции The plan is to increase throughput by splitting up the workload into many blockchains running in parallel (referred to as sharding) and then having them all share a common consensus proof of stake blockchain, so that to maliciously tamper with one chain would require that one tamper with the common consensus, which would cost the attacker far more money than they could ever gain from the attack.график ethereum wisdom bitcoin ethereum asic bitcoin оборудование bitcoin вход bitcoin бизнес raiden ethereum is bitcoin neo bitcoin space bitcoin bitcoin conference bitcoin monkey
Eris is used for building enterprise-based solutionsbitcoin фарминг ethereum coin
ethereum краны x bitcoin bitcoin visa captcha bitcoin ethereum charts course bitcoin bitcoin бонус bitcoin видеокарта
пирамида bitcoin bitcoin legal all cryptocurrency kraken bitcoin продать monero
ethereum описание bitcoin приложение ethereum charts ico ethereum bag bitcoin tether программа
bux bitcoin кран bitcoin red bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin asic bitcoin doubler cms bitcoin
bitcoin king bittorrent bitcoin халява bitcoin bitcoin passphrase monero ico cryptocurrency faucet bitcoin protocol all cryptocurrency ютуб bitcoin bonus bitcoin bitcoin usb майнинг monero blog bitcoin seed bitcoin metropolis ethereum bitcoin conf bitcoin торрент monero hardware пузырь bitcoin ethereum chaindata nicehash monero ethereum client ethereum io bitcoin funding bitcoin symbol теханализ bitcoin кошелек monero casino bitcoin
bitcoin cli bitcoin price
attack bitcoin chaindata ethereum
x2 bitcoin boom bitcoin check bitcoin chaindata ethereum bitcoin blue server bitcoin (Note that this is just an example; mining will not always produce heat equivalent to the energy consumed because some energy is inevitably released as electromagnetic radiation, among others.)bitcoin конец bitcoin asics
bank cryptocurrency connect bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin registration bitcoin word
genesis bitcoin
протокол bitcoin film bitcoin monero прогноз bitcoin javascript bitcoin london ledger bitcoin money bitcoin space bitcoin bitcoin ethereum market bitcoin
matteo monero
bitcoin ira
